[14], Insurrection threatened to break out on the 26 July, again on the 30 July. So long as the issue was doubtful, Louis XVI was treated like a king. On 20 April, war was declared against Austria. URL: https://alphahistory.com/frenchrevolution/attack-on-the-tuileries/ This confrontation confirmed the king’s status as a prisoner in the Tuileries. But we will not leave our post, nor will we let our arms be taken from us. [21] Mandat knew nothing of the formation of the Insurrectional Commune, and thus he departed without any escort. [18] Mandat, the commander of the National Guard, was not very sure of his forces, but the tone of his orders was so resolute that it seemed to steady the troops. ", shouted Westermann in German. Those who had participated in the insurrection or who approved it were few in number, a minority resolved to crush counter-revolution by any means. The promise was a hollow one since the Assembly building was largely unguarded. Strolls Walking Tour French Revolution around Tuileries Gardens From the Palais Royal to the Place de la Concorde, this walk will introduce you to many witnesses still visible from the French Revolution. Several weeks later, in April, another working-class mob gathered at the gates of the Tuileries, blocking the royal family’s carriage and preventing a departure for their summer residence at Saint-Cloud. By mid-July the Fédérés were petitioning the Assembly to dethrone the king. Four weeks later, almost all of the guards who survived the carnage of August 10th were killed during the September Massacres. In a word, that they overcome you with chains dyed with the blood of those whom you hold the most dear... Citizens, the country is in danger! Body parts were dismembered and waved around, then fed to dogs. [40], To convince the revolutionaries that the insurrection of 10 August had decided nothing, the Prussian army crossed the French frontier on the 16th. The Marquis de Lafayette, outraged at the events of August 10th, tried to organise a counter-revolution to restore the monarchy. On August 10, 1792, Tuileries Palace saw its own revolt when French … The following day soldiers and civilians marched on the Tuileries, the royal residence in Paris. The Assembly remained for the time being but recognized the Commune, increased through elections to 288 members. Others believed the king was plotting to flee to Rouen. Within this body soon appeared a secret committee of five members. 4. As for the king’s brothers, Louis XVIII (17 November 1755 – 16 September 1824) and C… Their position effectively hopeless, the Assembly’s deputies quickly acquiesced to these demands. As we concluded the first installment of this series, we left the Tuileries on the eve of the French Revolution as a sleepy building abandoned by the royal family for decades. It was reformed as an ‘Insurrectionary Commune’, the ranks of its council now dominated by sans culottes instead of bourgeois lawyers. Louis’ surroundings were comfortable and extravagant. "Gentlemen," said the king, "I come here to avoid a great crime; I think I cannot be safer than with you." ", and the National Guard's inclination began to move towards the insurgents. Heads were removed and displayed on pikes or kicked around for sport. The king then took his seat next to the president. The Assembly’s deputies received an ultimatum, via members of the radical Commune, demanding the abolition of the monarchy and the voluntary dissolution of the Assembly itself. On Febr… That night the tocsin rang. Parisian newspapers cheekily reported that the king’s only hobby at the Tuileries was walking around the castle until “healthy perspiration required him to stop”. "[19], The king had failed to buy off the popular leaders. We think that we do not merit such an insult. From midnight until three o'clock the next morning the old and new, the legal and the insurrectional communes, sat in adjoining rooms at the Town Hall (Hôtel de Ville). [26] The Swiss, firing from above, cleaned out the vestibule and the courts, rushed down into the square and seized the cannon; the insurgents scattered out of range. Jacobin and Cordeliers petitions calling for a republic, and the Champ de Mars massacre that followed (July 1791), revealed the rising anti-royalism in Paris. That they ravage our harvest! (Audacity, and yet more audacity, and always audacity, and France will be saved!) [42], Significant civil and political events by year, Camille Bloch, ed., La Révolution Française, no. [8], A decree of 2 July authorized national guards, many of whom were already on their way to Paris, to come for the Federation ceremony. Unfortunately, the Tuileries Palace and the Pavillon de Marsan burned during the Commune de Paris of 1871. To obey this order in the midst of heavy fighting meant almost certain death and the Swiss officers in command did not immediately act upon it. On February 28th 1791, a group of 400 noblemen, hearing rumours that an attack on the king’s life was imminent, took up arms and entered the Tuileries to protect him. The illegal body organized the attack on Tuileries. The royal Flight to Varennes (French: Fuite à Varennes) during the night of 20–21 June 1791 was a significant episode in the French Revolution in which King Louis XVI of France, his queen Marie Antoinette, and their immediate family unsuccessfully attempted to escape from Paris in order to initiate a counter-revolution at the head of loyal troops under royalist officers concentrated at Montmédy near … [4] When the King formed a new cabinet mostly of constitutional monarchists (Feuillants), this widened the breach between the King and the Assembly and the majority of the common people of Paris. Vaugeois of Blois, Debesse of The Drome, Guillaume of Caen, and Simon of Strasbourg were names nearly unknown to history: but they were the creators of a movement that shook France. Paris mob invade Tuileries to try and kill Marie Antoinette. By this means he put the idea of deposing the King into the minds of the public. The revolutionary Commune, now under the control of Danton and other radicals, held sway in the capital, silencing Royalist and moderate publishers and arresting scores of nobles and non-juring priests. It was probably the tipping point in his decision to flee Paris in June. She sold the medieval Hôtel des Tournelles, where her husband had died, and began building the palace of Tuileries in 1564, using architect Philibert de l'Orme. The garden was created in the 16th century. The two bodies confronted each other for some time, without either of them making a definitive move. Newcomers arrived so quickly from the sections that according to one news report 25 people were killed in the crush. [23], The assault on the Palace began at eight o'clock in the morning. No female members of the court seem to have been killed during the massacre. FRENCH REVOLUTION 1789 1789 ESTATES GENERAL (first meeting since 1614) meets in Versailles 1st estate (clergy): 2% (100,000); 2cd estate (nobles): 8% (400,000) 3rd estate (bourgeosie): represent other 90% of population Number of delegates: clergy 291, nobility 270, 3rd estate 578 The Tuileries Garden is a public garden located between the Louvre and the Place de la Concorde in the 1st arrondissement of Paris, France. There was no serious opposition to this in the National Constituent Assembly. The French revolution: scene in the throne-room of the Tuileries, Feby. It is 1742, the peak of the French revolution. The King was placed under a strong guard. The Tuileries. It succeeded the Legislative Assembly and founded the First Republic after the Insurrection of August 10, 1792. By the 13th century the Temple, especially On July 25th 1792, the Duke of Brunswick issued his notorious war manifesto, threatening to wreak vengeance on Paris if the king or his family came to any harm. Once more the sans-culottes responded and in the next three weeks, 20,000 marched from Paris for the defence of the Revolution. More than two-thirds of the Swiss Guard were slaughtered, many of them hacked to death by axe-wielding sans culottes. The Insurrection of 10 August 1792 was a defining event of the French Revolution, when armed revolutionaries in Paris, increasingly in conflict with the French monarchy, stormed the Tuileries Palace. [9] Banners were placed in the public squares, with the words:.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 40px}.mw-parser-output .templatequote .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;padding-left:1.6em;margin-top:0}, Would you allow foreign hordes to spread like a destroying torrent over your countryside! "[33][page needed] This is more or less confirmed in the memoirs of Pauline de Tourzel, who states that when the mob entered the chamber where the ladies-in-waiting were gathered, the Princesse de Tarente approached one of the rebels and asked for his protection for her colleagues Madame de Ginestous and Pauline de Tourzel, upon which he replied: "We do not fight with women; go, all of you, if you choose". Events in the summer of 1791 further endangered the king. According to Jeanne-Louise-Henriette Campan, after the royal family left the palace only in the company of Princess de Lamballe and Madame de Tourzel, the remaining ladies-in-waiting were gathered in a room in the queen's apartment, and when they were spotted, a man prevented an attack upon them by exclaiming, in the name of Pétion: "Spare the women! Le Temple, in Paris, originally a fortified monastery of the Templars and later a royal prison. When did the Republican soldiers and the people of Paris storm the Palace of the Tuileries during the French revolution to abolish the monarchy?? The King's note was then produced and the defenders were ordered to disengage. [20] Five thousand men should have been an ample defense; though it appears that, by some oversight, they were seriously short of ammunition. The crowd is getting angrier as time passes by. The Trouble with Traitors: French Revolution Events - French Revolution events caused the rest of the world to sit up and take notice. “The massacre followed the sacrificial logic of the scapegoat: unable to vent their violence upon its intended object, the king, the revolutionaries chose victims who symbolised the sovereign power of the king and whose deaths could serve to unify the people… The destruction of the Swiss Guard allowed the revolutionaries to usurp and transform the royal notion of the body politic. Back inside the palace, rebellious soldiers and civilians breached the palace gates and poured into the Tuileries courtyard. By the end of the month the Prussians were at Verdun, the last fortress barring the road to Paris. Parisians have now gathered near the Tuileries Palace. [3], The Legislative Assembly passed decrees sentencing any priest denounced by 20 citizens to immediate deportation (27 May), dissolving the King's guard because it was manned by aristocrats (29 May), and establishing in the vicinity of Paris a camp of 20,000 Fédérés (8 June). The name derives from the tile kilns or tuileries which had previously occupied the site. Date published: August 7, 2020 During the reign of Henry IV(1589–1610), the building was enlarged to the south, … [12], The Fédérés set up a central committee and a secret directory that included some of the Parisian leaders and to assure direct contact with the sections. According to Malouet, thirty-seven thousand livres had been paid to Pétion and Santerre for worthless promises to stop the insurrection. [22] There, the king was given a seat and he listened, with his customary air of bland indifference, whilst the deputies discussed his fate. A few of the assailants advanced amicably, and, in what was taken by the revolutionaries to be a gesture of encouragement, some of the Swiss threw some cartridges from the windows as a token of peace. They conferred with a group of section leaders hardly better known than themselves—the journalists Carra [fr] and Gorsas, Alexandre [fr] and Lazowski [fr] of the Faubourg Saint-Marceau, Fournier "the American", Westermann (the only soldier among them), the baker Garin, Anaxagoras Chaumette and Santerre of the Faubourg Saint-Antoine. [30] Some sought sanctuary in the Parliament House: about sixty were surrounded, taken as prisoners to the Town Hall, and put to death by the crowd there, beneath the statue of Louis XIV. On August 10th 1792, a little more than three years after their victory over the Bastille, the people of Paris laid siege to another royalist symbol. Unwind in the Tuileries Before the French Revolution, this park used to be the site of the Royal Palace. [41], On 2 September the alarm gun was fired and drums beat the citizens to their Sections again. His second act, when a series of bulletins from Blondel, the secretary of the department, made it clear that an attack was imminent, was to persuade Louis to abandon the defense of the palace and to put himself under the protection of the assembly. After the accidental death of Henry II of France in 1559, his widow Catherine de' Medici (1519–1589) planned a new palace. The August insurrection greatly increased sans-culotte influence in Paris. According to Lafayette, a regular visitor to the palace, the only sign the king was not free was the fact he no longer went hunting. The blame for the disaster was put upon the King and his ministers (the Austrian Committee), and after upon the Girondin party. Nevertheless, the Assembly spent weeks discussing cuts to royal spending. Jesse Goldhammer. The legal body, by recalling the officer in charge of the troops at the Tuileries, disorganized its defense. The Insurrection of 10 August 1792 was a defining event of the French Revolution, when armed revolutionaries in Paris, increasingly in conflict with the French monarchy, stormed the Tuileries Palace. number of factors caused Louis XVI to lose whatever faith he had in the revolution 2. Courtiers and palace staff were not spared either. Mandats . Six days later the Assembly declared la patrie est en danger (the homeland is in danger). The Revolution at this tim… So, on August 10, 1792, the Paris mob stormed the Tuileries Palace in Paris. In the capital, there was a well-justified belief that Verdun would offer no more than a token resistance. Meanwhile, the king, his family and their inner circle sought refuge in the chamber of the Legislative Assembly. Marie Antoinette‘s 14-year-old daughter later described the incident: “We were obliged to stay there and listen to all the insults that these wretches said to us as they passed. Mandat, after seeing to the defense of the palace, was persuaded by Roederer (in the third and fatal mistake of the Tuileries defense) to obey a treacherous summons from the Town Hall. [35], A second revolution had, indeed, occurred, ushering in universal suffrage for men and, in effect, a republic. During the night of 20–21 June 1791, French King Louis XVI (1754 – 1793), his wife, Marie-Antoinette (1755 – 1793), their children, Louis-Charles (1785 – 1795), the dauphin, or heir apparent, and his sister Marie-Thérèse (1778 – 1851), the king’s sister Élisabeth of France (1764 – 1794) attempted to escape France. The gunners declared they would not fire on their brethren. Eventually the Swiss took the side of the Revolution, forming the Helvetic Republic. In the aftermath of this attack, the Legislative Assembly suspended the king, abolished the monarchy, cancelled unverified feudal dues, voted for its own dissolution and convened elections for a new national convention. However, the position of the Swiss Guard soon became untenable as their ammunition ran low and casualties mounted. Whatever the cause, members of the mob and advancing fédérés engaged in a pitched battle with the Swiss Guard. [31], The crisis of the summer of 1792 was a major turning-point of the Revolution. The following day a mob formed, peopled from the sections and backed by the political clubs and the new Commune. This was not to last, however. The formal end of the monarchy occurred six weeks later on September 21st as one of the first acts of the new National Convention, which established a Republic on the next day.[2]. This site is created and maintained by Alpha History. Hundreds of Swiss guardsmen and 400 revolutionaries were killed in the battle,[1] and Louis and the royal family took shelter with the Legislative Assembly. Events since 1789 had brought difference and divisions: many had followed the refractory priests; of those who remained loyal to the revolution some criticized 10 August while others stood by, fearing the day's aftermath. French Revolution memory quiz – events 1789-91, French Revolution memory quiz – events 1792-95, French Revolution memory quiz – events to 1788, French Revolution memory quiz – terms (I), French Revolution memory quiz – terms (II), French Revolution memory quiz – terms (III). It had strong fortifications, it was protected on one side by the Seine and, unlike the Bastille, was heavily manned. The war, which had appeared to bring the triumph of the Revolution, now seemed likely to lead it to disaster. France was transformed from a constitutional monarchy to a burgeoning republic, while the moderate Paris Commune was overthrown and refilled with radicals from the sections. Under the leadership of the skilled orator Pierre Vergniaud, the Assembly agreed to provide the king with sanctuary. A mob stormed the palace in 1792, chasing and brutally slaughtering around 700 of the King’s Swiss Guards. Police spies reported to the commune that underground passages had been constructed by which additional troops could be secretly introduced from their barracks. For more info, visit our FAQ page or Terms of Use. A week later the powerful fortress of Longwy fell so quickly that Vergniaud declared it to "have been handed over to the enemy." In April, the king had taken the unprecedented step of forming a cabinet of revolutionary Girondins. The king had been resident at the Tuileries since the people of Paris marched on Versailles in October 1789. On August 9th delegates from the sections occupied the Hôtel de Ville and took control of the Paris Commune. Life in the Tuileries – a dilapidated castle on the right bank of the Seine, not used as a regular royal residence since the days of Louis XIV – was a humiliating step down from the grandeur of Versailles. A barrier separated them, and there the combat began; it is unknown which side took the initiative. This coalition of soldiers and sans culottes crossed the river and marched west to the Tuileries. On the streets of the capital, rabble-rousing journalists like Jean-Paul Marat and Camille Desmoulins whipped up anger towards the king, Lafayette, Jean-Sylvain Bailly, the Legislative Assembly and the still-moderate Paris Commune. On 20 April 1792, France declared war against the King of Bohemia and Hungary (Austria). In the final two months of 1791, the king further riled the people by vetoing the Legislative Assembly’s decrees on émigrés and non-juring priests. The Assembly appointed a provisional Executive Council and put Monge and Lebrun-Tondu on it, along with several former Girondin ministers. The Legislative Assembly, under pressure from the Commune, voted itself into oblivion and prepared to hand power to a new national convention. [33][page needed] The ladies-in-waiting were, according to Campan, "escorted to prison. The queen sat at the bar of the House, with the Dauphin on her knees. The nobles were eventually disarmed by Lafayette and sent home at the king’s command. The Assembly would have liked to assign him the Luxembourg Palace, but the insurgent Commune demanded that he should be taken to the Temple, a smaller prison, which would be easier to guard. The Fédérés were reluctant to leave Paris before a decisive blow had been struck, and the arrival on 25 July of 300 from Brest and five days later of 500 Marseillais, who made the streets of Paris echo with the song to which they gave their name, provided the revolutionaries with a formidable force. The French Revolution started with high hopes for reforming society. The August 10th 1792 attack on the Tuileries was an insurrectionary action by Republican soldiers and the people of Paris, who wanted to depose the king and abolish the monarchy. But the gendarmes and National Guard in the Tuileries were unreliable. The wave of executions in prisons followed, what later was known as The September Massacres. But because the new Commune, composed of unknowns, hesitated to alarm the provinces, the Girondins were kept and the Revolution was mired in compromise. The king still attended by nobles and foreign dignitaries; his court maintained many of its rituals and at least some of its grandeur. [36], Over half of the Legislative Assembly's members fled and on the evening 10 August only 284 deputies were in their seats. He was attended by dozens of servants and courted on by foreigners and nobles. A group carrying weapons and a small artillery piece gained access to the king’s quarters and one man bearing an axe approached the king. At 11 o'clock the Quinze-Vingts section proposed that each section should appoint three of its members onto a body with instructions "to recommend immediate steps to save the state" (sauver la chose publique). As per the King's orders, the regulars of the Swiss Guard had retired into the interior of the building, and the defense of the courtyard had been left to the National Guard. [8], 14 July had saved the Constitutional Assembly, 10 August passed sentence on the Legislative Assembly: the day's victors intended to dissolve the Assembly and keep power in their own hands. By the end of the day, some 650 Swiss Guards were dead, while the remaining 250 were captured, beaten and thrown into the city’s prisons. On 4 August, the section of the Quinze-Vingts, the Faubourg Saint-Antoine, gave the Legislative assembly an ultimatum: until 9 August to prove itself. On 28 June, general Lafayette left his post with the army and appeared before the Assembly to call on the deputies to dissolve the Jacobin Club and punish those who were responsible for the demonstration of 20 June. But it soon plunged into the Reign of Terror, which consumed both supposed enemies of the people, as well as many revolutionaries themselves. The conflict led France to abolish the monarchy and establish a republic. Batesford Ltd, London 1965, Madame Campan, Memoirs of the Court of Marie Antoinette, Queen of France, Project Gutenberg, The document by which the National Assembly formally deposed Louis XVI and called for the Convention, Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen, Prince Frederick, Duke of York and Albany, Charles William Ferdinand, Duke of Brunswick, Frederick Louis, Prince of Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen, François Alexandre Frédéric, duc de la Rochefoucauld-Liancourt, Honoré Gabriel Riqueti, comte de Mirabeau, Alexandre-Théodore-Victor, comte de Lameth, Louis Michel le Peletier de Saint-Fargeau, List of people associated with the French Revolution, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Insurrection_of_10_August_1792&oldid=1015453259, 18th-century coups d'état and coup attempts, Articles with unsourced statements from August 2019, Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from August 2020, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 1 April 2021, at 15:40. 3. After surveying the situation, the king concluded that it was impossible to defend the palace without slaughtering thousands of Parisians. The Marseillais rushed in, fraternized with the gunners of the National Guard, reached the vestibule, ascended the grand staircase, and called on the Swiss Guard to surrender. These outrages against Louis XVI and his family, along with the king’s polite and courageous responses, won the royals a measure of sympathy and respect. Powered by Create your … On August 10th, the National Guard of the Paris Commune and fédérés from Marseille and Brittany stormed the King's residence in the Tuileries Palace in Paris, which was defended by the Swiss Guards. Not have the warm and virtually unanimous support that the convention should be summoned elected. France, going much further than the August insurrection greatly increased sans-culotte influence Paris. Greatly increased sans-culotte influence in Paris monarchy to a close in France 1781! 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