maximilien robespierre

He knew exactly what he was doing, meant to do it, and believed he was right to do it. In October he was appointed a judge of the Versailles tribunal. Flashcards. After the coup, the Committee of Public Safety lost its credibility and the French Revolution became distinctly less radical. He was educated in Paris and entered the same profession as his father. 17. Their father lost his wife in 1767 during child birth and this drastically changed things. It targeted and systematically executed perceived enemies of the Revolution. Men of all countries are brothers, and the different peoples should help one another to the best of their ability, like citizens of the same state. At age 30, Robespierre was elected to the Estates General of the French legislature. Maximilien Robespierre was born in Arras, in the old French province of Artois.His family has been traced back to the 12th century in Picardy; some of his direct ancestors in the male line worked as notaries in the village of Carvin near Arras from the beginning of the 17th century. Gravity. Proofs of his growing popularity were the ferocious attacks made by the royalist press on this “Demosthenes,” “who believes everything he says,” this “monkey of Mirabeau’s” (the comte de Mirabeau, a politician who wanted to create a constitutional assembly). Shortly after, troops from the National Convention stormed the building and seized and arrested Robespierre and his followers. "Robespierre, the Duke of York, and Pisistratus During the French Revolutionary Terror", The Law of Prairial and the Great Terror (Fall, year IV), 'Come and Dine': The Dangers of Conspicuous Consumption in French Revolutionary Politics, 1789–1795' by Marisa Linton and Mette Harder, Memoirs of Fouché, Duke of Otranto. He received a law degree in 1781 and became a lawyer at Arras, where he set up house with his sister Charlotte. In the latter months of 1793, he came to dominate the Committee of Public Safety . Trouvé à l'intérieurMaximilien Robespierre. His mother died when he was 6 years old, and his father left the family soon after. The fall of Maximilien Robespierre came in July 1794, the month of Thermidor in Year II in the revolutionary calendar.On July 28th, Robespierre's life ended on the guillotine, the instrument of death to which he had condemned so many others. En restituant le parcours de Robespierre, de son enfance à son image chez les monarchistes, les républicains et les socialistes du premier XIXe siècle, l'ouvrage entend présenter la complexité d'une vie et de sa postérité. Match. Maximilien Robespierre (1758­ 1794) was the leader of the twelve­man Committee of Public Safety elected by the National Convention, and which effectively governed France at the height of the radical phase of the revolution. He was admitted to the Arras Academy in 1783 and soon became its chancellor and later its president. Putnam's sons. "Discours par Maximilien Robespierre - 1789-1794 - II" de Maximilien de Robespierre. Homme politique français (1758-1794). Maximilien de Robespierre was an early proponent of political democracy. "The choices of Maximilien Robespierre.". He was a member of the Committee of Public Safety and was the last president and leader of the Jacobin Club as well as a member of the Templar Order. He hastened the vote on the constitution so as to attract “as many of the democratic party as possible,” inviting in his Adresse aux Français (July 1791; Address to the French) the patriots to join forces. He soon made a name for himself and was appointed a judge at the Salle Épiscopale, a court with jurisdiction over the provostship of the diocese. Maximilien Robespierre, oil on canvas by Pierre-Roch Vigneron, 1786; in the Museum of French History, Palace of Versailles. 16. Libr. Podcast (52 min.) He was elected a deputy of the . 1794-07-27 Maximilien Robespierre is overthrown in a coup in Paris. When the people of Paris rose up against King Louis XVI in August 1792, Robespierre was elected to head the Paris delegation to the new National Convention. Although he had excluded himself and his colleagues from the new Legislative Assembly, Robespierre continued to be politically active, giving up the lucrative post of public prosecutor of Paris, to which he had been elected in June 1791. Continental Europe (380–1906). Fouquier-Tinville, p. 117", Gazette nationale ou le Moniteur universel 30 July 1794, Gazette nationale ou le Moniteur universel 16 August 1794, p. 4, Précis historique inédit des événemens de la soirée du 9 Thermidor An II by Charles-André Méda, p. 384-385, "Memoirs of the Sansons, from private notes and documents, 1688–1847 / edited by Henry Sanson", p. 202-203, "La fin tragique de Robespierre et de ses amis le 9 thermidor. His father, a lawyer, left Maximilien, his brother Augustin and his sisters to be raised by their maternal grandparents. It is believed that during the period of so-called. He entered academic competitions, and his “Mémoire sur les peines infamantes” (“Report on Degrading Punishments”) won first prize at the Academy of Metz. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Longman. (November 1792), The Works: With Memoirs of His Life and Writings by Robert Anderson, Volume 3 by John Moore, p. 377-379, The Enlightenment that Failed: Ideas, Revolution, and Democratic Defeat ... By Jonathan I. Israel, p. 483, The French Revolution: Faith, Desire and Politics by Noah Shusterman, p. 147, "All of His Power Lies in the Distaff: Robespierre, Women and the French Revolution", P.C. After the flight of Louis XVI (June 20–21, 1791), for which Robespierre vainly demanded his trial, the slanders against the Revolutionary deputy became twice as violent. At the king’s trial, which began in December 1792, Robespierre spoke 11 times and called for death. When and how did Maximilien Robespierre die? He also opposed the death penalty and slavery. As a lawyer representing poor people, he had alarmed the privileged classes by his protests in his “Mémoire pour le Sieur Dupond” (“Report for Lord Dupond”) against royal absolutism and arbitrary justice. In April he had presided over the Jacobins, a political club promoting the ideas of the French Revolution. (1849) The life of Robespierre, Koekkoek, René (2020) The Citizenship Experiment Contesting the Limits of Civic Equality and Participation in the Age of Revolutions. Maximilien François Marie Isidore de Robespierre (1758 - 1794) was a French lawyer, orator, politician and notable figure of the French Revolution, that launched one of the modern dictatorial systems. Terms in this set (10) What was the name of political group Robespierre became a leader of? Maximilien François Marie Isidore de Robespierre (French: [mak.si.mi.ljɛ̃ fʁɑ̃.swa ma.ʁi i.zi.dɔʁ də ʁɔ.bɛs.pjɛʁ]; 6 May 1758 - 28 July 1794) was a French lawyer and statesman who was one of the best-known and most influential figures of the French Revolution.As a member of the Constituent Assembly and the Jacobin Club, he campaigned for universal manhood suffrage and the . Trouvé à l'intérieurMaximilien Robespierre. Robespierre preserved his frugal way of life, his careful dress and grooming, and his simple manners both at Versailles and later in Paris. Maximilien Robespierre began his political career in 1789, when he was elected to represent the Third Estate of Artois in the pre-Revolutionary Estates-General. In the next 11 months, 300,000 suspected enemies of the Revolution were arrested and more than 17,000 were executed, most by guillotine. Memoirs of the Sansons: From Private Notes and Documents (1688–1847). He succeeded in making himself heard despite the weak carrying power of his voice and the opposition he aroused, and his motions were usually applauded. In the early, radical years of the Revolution Robespierre was a powerful and guiding spirit. It has been suggested that he was of Irish descent, his surname possibly being a corruption of . 33 quotes from Maximilien Robespierre: 'The secret of freedom lies in educating people, whereas the secret of tyranny is in keeping them ignorant.', 'To punish the oppressors of humanity is clemency; to forgive them is cruelty.', and 'Peoples do not judge in the same way as courts of law; they do not hand down sentences, they throw thunderbolts; they do not condemn kings, they drop them back . bowmanbri20. Maximilien Marie Isidore de Robespierre was born in Arras, France, on May 6, 1758, the oldest of four children. Robespierre nevertheless decided to devote himself fully to his work in the National Assembly, where the constitution was being drawn up. Robespierre was born in northern France, Arras, Artois Province, on May 6, 1758. Trouvé à l'intérieur – Page 136Maximilien Robespierre. - - - - - - - - - LE DÉFENSEUR DE LA CONSTITUTION No 5 ARTICLES CONTENUS DANS. Some others consider he saved the Republic at a moment of grave danger. Corrections? Leuwers, Hervé (2014) Robespierre. 7 Aug. 2013 Maximilien Robespierre, in full Maximilien-François-Marie-Isidore de Robespierre, (born May 6, 1758, Arras, France—died July 28, 1794, Paris), radical Jacobin leader and one of the principal figures in the French Revolution. Recueil de documents pour l'histoire du club des Jacobins de Paris (in French). There he opposed the European war that Jacques-Pierre Brissot was advocating as a means of spreading the aims of the Revolution. "Discours par Maximilien Robespierre - 1792-1794" de Maximilien de Robespierre. Homme politique fran ais (1758-1794). Robespierre was the oldest of four children. New York. He changed the calendar and he divided the . The reverses suffered by the French army after France had declared war on Austria and Prussia had been foreseen by Robespierre, and, when invasion threatened, the people rallied to him. Cobban, Alfred. Faced with pressures both from the outside and from within, the Revolutionary government instituted the Reign of Terror in September. You consider self-transformation to be a hazardous adventure. He opposed the royal veto, the abuses of ministerial power, and religious and racial discrimination. He served as president from 1959 to 1969. Robespierre, a patriot with a sense of duty and sacrifice, became the very symbol of the French Revolution. By the summer of 1794, many in the Revolutionary government began to question his motives, as the country was no longer threatened by outside enemies. Maximilien Robespierre. He soon followed in his father's footsteps by attending school in Paris to become a lawyer. https://www.biography.com/scholar/maximilien-de-robespierre. 5 Surprising Facts about Robespierre Maximilien Robespierre remains today the most controversial character of French history. " Robespierre grew up in Arras (a 'ras) 100 miles north of Paris. Contrary to the long-held belief that Robespierre led an isolated life, he often visited local notables and mingled with the young people of the district. Cette oeuvre fait partie de la s rie TREDITION CLASSICS. $65.99. Histoire de la Révolution française. Robespierre impuso una sangrienta represión para impedir el fracaso de la Revolución, no dudando en aprobar leyes que recortaban las libertades y simplificaban los trámites procesales en favor de una «justicia» revolucionaria tan expeditiva como arbitraria; completaba el mecanismo represivo un sistema de delación extendido por todo el . An awkward coalition of moderates and revolutionaries formed to oppose Robespierre and his followers. OCLC 763671875. In 1792, after Paris mobs stormed the palace of the Tuileries and dethroned King Louis XVI and Queen Marie Antoinette, Robespierre helped organize the new revolutionary governing body, the . France saw the return of bourgeois values, corruption and further military failure. He fought for universal suffrage, for unrestricted admission to the national guard, to public offices, and to the commissioned ranks of the army, and for the right to petition. Author of the satirical novella 'Candide,' Voltaire is widely considered one of France's greatest Enlightenment writers. He gained a reputation for defending the poorest of society and earned the nickname "the incorruptible" for his adherence to strict moral values. – L'ARBR- Les Amis de Robespierre", OCR A Level History: The French Revolution and the rule of Napoleon 1774–1815 by Mike Wells, Non-Violence and the French Revolution: Political Demonstrations in Paris ... by Micah Alpaugh, p. 245-246, "The meaning of 9 Thermidor – A People's History of the French Revolution", http://www.laviedesidees.fr/L-epuisement-de-Robespierre.html, A. Jourdan (2007) The "Alien Origins" of the French Revolution: American, Scottish, Genevan, and Dutch influences. Period: May 6, 1758 to Jul 28, 1794. Maximilien Robespierre . Profile Books Ltd. Dunoyer, Alphonse (1913) The public prosecutor of the terror, Antoine Quentin Fouquier-Tinville. The writings and thoughts of Jean-Jacques Rousseau greatly influenced Robespierre which developed . He exonerated the mob, and on September 5 the people of Paris elected him to head the delegation to the National Convention. Gender, the Late Eighteenth Century, and the French Revolution Revisited. As a member o the Estates-General, the Constituent . Internationale. We strive for accuracy and fairness. Charles de Gaulle rose from French soldier in World War I to exiled leader and, eventually, president of the Fifth Republic. During the Terror, the committee exercised virtual dictatorial control over the French government. Maximilien Robespierre Was The Cause Of The French Revolution. Chronicles the life and times of the French Revolutionary figure, looking at little known aspects, including his nervousness, lust for power, and role in "the Terror." Linton, Marisa, 'Robespierre et l'authenticité révolutionnaire', McPhee, Peter. But as the revolution approached, Robespierre became head of the powerful Jacobin Club, a radical group advocating exile or death for France's nobility. Ustelezina ezizena ezarri zioten, iraultza "perfektua" lortzeko jarri zuen grinagatik eta bertuteari eman zion garrantziagatik. Maximilien Robispierre's Lifespan Jan 1, 1781. Original: (fr) Notre révolution m'a fait sentir tout le sens de l'axiome qui dit que l'histoire est un roman ; et je suis convaincu que la fortune et l'intrigue ont fait plus de héros, que le génie et la vertu. The treason of General Charles Dumouriez, who went over to the Austrians, precipitated the crisis. In all, the committee oversaw some 17,000 official executions. Threatened from within by the movement for federalism and by the civil war in the Vendée in the northwest and threatened at the frontiers by the anti-French coalition, the . He probably made his maiden speech on May 18, 1789, and he was to speak more than 500 times during the life of the National Assembly. On 14 Octobre 1923, a plaque was placed on the house at 9 Rue Maximilien Robespierre (formerly Rue des Rapporteurs) rented by the three Robespierre siblings in 1787–1789, in the presence of the mayor Gustave Lemelle, Albert Mathiez and Louis Jacob. Flammarion. Maximilien François Marie Isidore de Robespierre (French: [mak.si.mi.ljɛ̃ fʁɑ̃.swa ma.ʁi i.zi.dɔʁ də ʁɔ.bɛs.pjɛʁ]; 6 May 1758 - 28 July 1794) was a French lawyer and statesman who was one of the best-known and most influential figures of the French Revolution.As a member of the Constituent Assembly and the Jacobin Club, he campaigned for universal manhood suffrage and the . On July 27, 1794, Robespierre and a number of his followers were arrested at the Hôtel de Ville in Paris. "Robespierre in French and English language publications since 2000. Marie Antoinette helped provoke the popular unrest that led to the French Revolution and to the overthrow of the monarchy in August 1792. Trouvé à l'intérieur – Page 378I. — Deuxième lettre de Maximilien Robespierre en réponse au second discours de Jérôme Pétion . . . . N° 11. I. — Sur la proposition faite de bannir tous les Capets . II. — De l'ostracisme . Also an existentialist philosopher, she had a long-term relationship with Jean-Paul Sartre. Maximilien François Marie Isidore de Robespierre (May 6, 1758 - July 28, 1794) was one of the primary leaders of the French Revolution.His supporters knew him as "the Incorruptible" because of his austere moral devotion to revolutionary political change. TBA The French Revolution (Both Parts) The Napoleonic Wars (cameo in Part 1) TBA He also served as president of the National Convention and on the Committee of Public Safety. — Maximilien Robespierre. Maximilien Robespierre Biography. 1758 CE - 1794 CE. To this very day, he remains one of the most controversial figures in the history of France and Europe. Learn about the life of Maximilien Robespierre. Gale. Yet, like so many figures of the past the truth of the matter is somewhat more complex. He had once been a fairly straightforward liberal thinker - reputedly he slept with a copy of Rousseau's Social Contract at his side. Bienvenu, Richard T. (1968) The Ninth of Thermidor: The Fall of Robespierre. Maximilien Robespierre. The secret of freedom lies in educating people, whereas the secret of tyranny is in keeping them ignorant. ", Sepinwall, Alyssa Goldstein. Davidson, Ian (2016) The French Revolution: From Enlightenment to Tyranny. The next day Robespierre and 21 of his followers were taken to the Place de la Révolution (now the Place de la Concorde), where they were executed by guillotine before a cheering crowd. All eyes were on Paris. 1792-09-26 Marc-David Lasource begins accusing Maximilien Robespierre of wanting a dictatorship for France. He was somewhat well-acquainted with Augustin, younger brother to Maximilien, whom he met through another mutual acquaintance - a fellow Corsican named Antoine Christophe Saliceti. It can be said that France had many problems but France's absolute monarchy itself was a cause for the Revolution (French Revolution, pg. French engineer and physicist Charles de Coulomb made pioneering discoveries in electricity and magnetism, and came up with the theory called Coulomb's Law. The Girondins—who favoured political but not social democracy and who controlled the government and the civil service—accused Robespierre of dictatorship from the first sessions of the National Convention. T-shirts, stickers, wall art, home decor, and more designed and sold by independent artists. Questions and answers about Maximilien Robespierre. I challenge the preconceptions of the world His father married the daughter of a well-to-do brewer and they were married a few months before the birth of Maximilien. Robespierre and his three younger siblings were brought up by diverse relatives after their father dramatically lost his way in life after the death of his wife in childbirth in 1767. A portrait of the young Robespierre on entering practice as a lawyer. Trouvé à l'intérieurornés de son portrait, et de fac simile de son écriture extraits de ses mémoires Maximilien Robespierre. *r. Maximilien Robespierre. Facts about Maximilien Robespierre 1: Early Life. He had three siblings and they were all brought up by different relatives after their father was unable to take care of them. He and three of his siblings lived with their grandparents after his parents died. Jaargang 36, https://scholarworks.umass.edu/history_oapubs/2, "The Myth of the Foreign Enemy? Eighteenth Century Collections Online. May 6, 1758. Grounded in ancient history and the works of the French philosophers of the Enlightenment, he welcomed the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen, which formed the preamble of the French constitution of September 3, 1791, and he insisted that all laws should conform to it. ", Fouche & Robespierre, le 9 thermidor by Arnaud Louis Raoul Comte de Martel, p. 238-239, "The public prosecutor of the Terror by A.Q. On July 28, 1794, Maximilien Robespierre, former head of the Public Salvation Committee, was executed by guillotine during the French Revolution. Omissions? Maximilien Robespierre, known to his contemporaries as "the Incorruptible," is one of the most controversial and perhaps misunderstood figures of the French Revolution. The French Revolution came as a great surprise to the French. . Maximilien Isidore Robespierre, the leader of the most violent of those theorizers who overthrew the French monarchy, the exponent of all that deep-rooted hatred which the commoners of France, as the result of long centuries of oppression, ... A satirical engraving shows Robespierre guillotining the executioner, having guillotined everyone else in France, late 18th C. (Wikimedia Commons) Maximilien François Marie Isidore de Robespierre (May 6, 1758 - July 28, 1794) was a French revolutionary leader. In 1791 he was public accuser, and in 1792 presented a petition to the Legislative Assembly . What is Maximilien Robespierre known for? Howe (1982) Foreign Policy and the French Revolution, p. 175-176, France and Its Revolutions: G. Long (1850) A Pictorial History 1789–1848, p. 265, Oeuvres de Maximilien Robespierre, Volume 9, p. 348-349, 352, 355, 359, 360, "From victory to defeat, the declaration of war against England and Spain, the insurrection in the Vendée, the fall of the Gironde – A People's History of the French Revolution", Mary Duclaux (1918) A short history of France, p. 244, Fair Shares for All: Jacobin Egalitarianism in Practice by Jean-Pierre Gross, p. 37, "The dramas of Germinal and Thermidor – A People's History of the French Revolution", Collection complète des lois, décrets, ordonnances, réglemens, p. 325, Histoire de la Révolution française, Volume 2 by Louis Jean Joseph Blanc, p. 196, Mémoires de B. Barère, membre de la Constituante, de la Convention, du Comite de salut public, p. 96, Eloise Ellery (1915) Brissot de Warville: A Study in the History of the French Revolution, p. 285, Oeuvres de Maximilien Robespierre, Volume 9 By Maximilien Robespierre, p. 530-534, Oeuvres de Maximilien Robespierre, Volume 9 By Maximilien Robespierre, p. 539, Robespierre: A Revolutionary Life by Peter McPhee, p. 158, The Committee of public safety (6th April 1793 — 4th brumaire an IV), FRENCH CONSTITUTION of the twenty-fourth of June, 1793, Contesting the French Revolution by Paul R. Hanson, p. 100-101, Mandats à l’Assemblée nationale ou à la Chambre des députés, "Augustin, Bon, Joseph de Robespierre – Base de données des députés français depuis 1789 – Assemblée nationale", June to October 1793.