In 1197, the peace was interrupted by the arrival of the German Crusade of 1197. A further 100,000 silver marks were divided evenly up between the crusaders and Venetians. Its planned location made Constantinople not only the capital of the surviving eastern part of the Roman Empire but also a commercial centre that dominated trade routes from the Mediterranean to the Black Sea,[8] China, India and Persia. The Fourth Crusade was also a result of the imperialist ambitions of Pope Innocent III, one of the strongest and proudest popes of the Middle Ages, and it was a precursor of the Albigensian Crusade, the first true “internal” crusade. [54], Following the siege of Zara, more contingents abandoned the main army. The Doge threatened to keep them interned unless full payment was made so a further 14,000 marks were collected, and that only by reducing the crusaders to extreme poverty. [56] Among Simon's followers were his brother, Guy of Montfort; the Yvelinois Simon V of Neauphle, Robert IV Mauvoisin and Dreux II of Cressonsacq; Abbot Guy of Vaux-de-Cernay; and the unnamed abbot of Cercanceaux. The Crusaders then founded several new Crusader states, known as Frankokratia, in former Byzantine territory, largely hinged upon the Latin Empire of Constantinople. Stephen of the Perche, was prevented from going with the main army on account of illness. The Pope's timing was not the best, especially considering the Holy City had anyway been in Muslim hands since 1187 CE. The fourth crusade had therefore been weakened by these financially motivated choices made by Dandolo. Norman Davies, page 311, "Vanished Kingdoms. Written by Mark Cartwright, published on 03 September 2018 under the following license: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike. The crusaders sacked Constantinople for three days, during which many ancient Greco-Roman and medieval Byzantine works of art were stolen or ruined. The intent of the Crusaders was then to continue to Jerusalem with promised Byzantine financial and military aid. They had to convince the men that the events of 9 April were not God's judgment on a sinful enterprise: the campaign, they argued, was righteous and with proper belief it would succeed. Before the expiration of the new truce on 1 March 1204, al-Adil succeeded in uniting the former empire of Saladin, acquiring Egypt in 1200 and Aleppo in 1202. It may not, as some conspiracy-theory historians have claimed, have all been so cynically planned beforehand by all parties, but in the end, it is exactly what happened with the exception that the Fourth Crusade ended with the fall of the Byzantine capital and Jerusalem was left for a later date. Instead, in April 1204, the Crusaders of Western Europe invaded and sacked the Christian (Eastern Orthodox) city of Constantinople, capital of the Eastern Roman Empire (Byzantine … This Crusaders established the Latin Empire (1204-1261) with Constantinople as its capital. The Crusades are among the most misunderstood events in Catholic history, and the Fourth Crusade is frequently cited by critics of the Crusades and the Church in an attempt to discredit both. Dandolo, who joined the crusade during a public ceremony in the church of San Marco di Venezia, proposed that the crusaders pay their debts by intimidating many of the local ports and towns down the Adriatic, culminating in an attack on the port of Zara in Dalmatia. Instead, a sequence of events culminated in the Crusaders sacking the city of Constantinople, the capital of the Christian-controlled Byzantine Empire. Both cities were looted and the Crusaders killed fellow Christians. [1] The Crusader states were then reduced by Saladin to little more than three cities along the coast of the Mediterranean Sea: Tyre, Tripoli and Antioch. It was used to repair walls, towers and other defences that had been damaged by the earthquake of May 1202. There was also a French cultural work, notably the production of a collection of laws, the Assises de Romanie. b. capture of jerusalem. According to Villehardouin, the majority of those who set out on the Fourth Crusade went to the Holy Land, while only a minority participated in the attack on Constantinople. [54], On 8 November, Martin of Pairis and Conrad of Swartzenberg were sent to the main army, then besieging Constantinople, to press for it to continue on to the Holy Land now that the truce was broken. The legacy of the Fourth Crusade was the deep sense of betrayal felt by t… A section of it was then sent to Acre to boost the defences in the Holy Land. "The spirit of reconciliation is stronger than hatred," he said during a liturgy attended by Roman Catholic Archbishop Philippe Barbarin of Lyon, France. It successfully reclaimed an extensive territory, effectively reestablishing the Kingdom of Jerusalem. This agreement required a full year of preparation on the part of the Venetians to build numerous ships and train the sailors who would man them, all the while curtailing the city's commercial activities. It is also true that many of the Crusader leaders, notably Simon of Montfort, had actually refused to attack Christian Zara and a significant number of men had even left the Crusade over the issue. Though the Venetians had an appreciation for the art which they discovered (they were themselves semi-Byzantines) and saved much of it, the French and others destroyed indiscriminately, halting to refresh themselves with wine, violation of nuns, and murder of Orthodox clerics. It was, though, all rather insignificant given the original lofty ambitions of Pope Innocent III. However, in January 1204 he was deposed by a popular uprising. Enrico Dandolo did not miss the opportunity to propose to the Crusaders that he would postpone the payment of their debt in exchange for help in recapturing t… Although Jerusalem itself was not recovered, the important coastal towns of Acre and Jaffa were. The stated intent of the expedition was to recapture the Muslim-controlled city of Jerusalem, by first conquering the powerful Egyptian Ayyubid Sultanate, the strongest Muslim state of the time. [28], The commercial rivalry between the Republic of Venice and the Byzantine Empire and the living memory of the Massacre of the Latins did much to exacerbate the feeling of animosity among the Venetians towards the Byzantines. This agreement was ratified by Pope Innocent, with a solemn ban on attacks on Christian states. 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