After a 1915 campaign failed to win women in New York the right to vote, Catt redoubled her efforts that resulted in the state approving suffrage in 1917. Catt traveled more than a thousand miles throughout the Rockies during the next two months and visited 29 of Colorado’s 63 counties. Seven of the eight countries with women’s suffrage sent delegates. Catt was elected president. It was succeeded by the Women’s Action Committee for Victory and Lasting Peace, which was dedicated to giving support to the idea of the United Nations. The marriage ended with Leo’s untimely death in 1886. By 1960, the last Census before the Voting Rights Act was passed, more than two million African American women in these 34 states were enfranchised. Archives of Women's Political Communication. She was instrumental in revitalizing the National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA) and played a key role in the successful campaign to … https://ir.uiowa.edu/palimpsest/vol74/iss3, The Carrie Chapman Catt Girlhood Home and Museum, Rare Book and Special Collections Division, American Memory biography of Carrie Chapman Catt, Iowa State University Carrie Chapman Catt Center for Women and Politics, National Women's Rights Convention (1850–1869), Women's suffrage organizations and publications, Emmeline and Christabel Pankhurst Memorial, Centenary of Women's Suffrage Commemorative Fountain, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Carrie_Chapman_Catt&oldid=1014410400, Burials at Woodlawn Cemetery (Bronx, New York), Female candidates for President of the United States, Commonwealth Land Party (United States) politicians, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia articles with BIBSYS identifiers, Wikipedia articles with CINII identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SNAC-ID identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. As part of the centennial celebration of the 19th Amendment in 2020, Catt was featured in newspaper and magazine articles; recent books, such as Elaine Weiss’s The Woman’s Hour: The Great Fight to Win the Vote (2018),[159] which is being made into a film with Hillary Rodham Clinton as the executive producer; the PBS American Experience two-part documentary The Vote; and the Iowa PBS documentary, Carrie Chapman Catt: Warrior for Women. In 1992, the Iowa Centennial Memorial Foundation named her one of the ten most important women of the century,[105] and in 2013, Catt was in the first class of women to be honored on the Women of Achievement Bridge in Des Moines, Iowa. Refused Suffrage to Women". It will debut at the Gallagher Bludedorn Theatre at the University of Northern Iowa in July 2021. "Catt Hall Review Committee Final Report." In 1929, the League placed bronze tablets honoring her contributions to suffrage throughout the country. Suffrage is today the strongest reform there is in this country, but it is represented by the weakest organization,” the Woman’s Journal reported. A skilled political strategist, Carrie Clinton Lane Chapman Catt was a suffragist and peace activist who helped secure for American women the right to vote. In March 1883, the month Carrie Lane was promoted to superintendent of schools in Mason City, Iowa, Leo Chapman purchased and began to publish the weekly Mason City Republican newspaper. Catt is the subject of a one-woman play, The Yellow Rose of Suffrage, by Jane Cox, professor emerita of theatre at Iowa State University. She "led an a… She concluded, “I never did a piece of work which has so interested and stimulated my desires to help as this.”[52] Although Catt retired from the presidency of the IWSA in 1923, she continued to attend its meetings in various parts of the world. During the national NAWSA convention held in New Orleans in 1903, Catt and Anthony were attacked by the press for allowing black membership in NAWSA and, in the case of Anthony, for permitting a letter she had written to be read before an all-black audience in New York City. [69][70] The group sent a letter of protest to Hitler in August 1933 signed by 9,000 non-Jewish American women. ; Carrie Chapman Catt: Resources for Researchers from Iowa State where controversy surrounds naming a building in her honor. [43], The final battle took place in the state of Tennessee and Catt was there to lead the campaign through the hot summer months in Nashville in 1920. [137] Women’s voter turnout rates lagged behind men’s, but gradually rose over time. Carrie Chapman Catt, née Carrie Lane, (born January 9, 1859, Ripon, Wisconsin, U.S.—died March 9, 1947, New Rochelle, New York), American feminist leader who led the women’s rights movement for more than 25 years, culminating in the adoption of the Nineteenth Amendment (for women’s suffrage) to the U.S. Constitution in 1920. [181] In 1984, the Wisconsin Historical Society placed a historical marker in Ripon, Wisconsin, where Catt was born in 1859. After graduating from college Carrie Lane's career took her to jobs usually reserved for men. We must leave the door open to whatever arrangements we may make for peace in order that justice can be done to all the races on all the continents.”[67], In 1932, Catt resigned as chair of the NCCCW, but kept attending meetings, making speeches and supporting the cause of peace. [98] In the same year, at the founding of the League of Women Voters, Catt called upon the new organization to “To remove the remaining legal discriminations against women in the codes and constitutions of the several states in order that the feet of coming women may find these stumbling blocks removed.”[99], In 1920, the Miami Herald reported on a meeting by the "Woman Voter's League," where Miss Jefferson Bell who, the Herald reported, "stated that she, too, had been a worshipper at the shrine of Mrs. Catt until shortly after the ratification when one of her first acts was to appeal to the southern women to assist in seeing that negro women had the right to exercise the franchise. In her book chapter “Objections to the Federal Amendment.” Catt wrote, “white supremacy will be strengthened, not weakened by women’s suffrage,” and used 1910 Census data to argue that white voters (men and women) will outnumber black voters (men and women) in all Southern states other than Mississippi and South Carolina. The responsibility for it is partly ours but if the North shipped slaves to the South and sold them, remember that the North has sent some money since then into the South to help undo part of the wrong that it did to you and to them. At seven years old, her family moved to Lowa where she attended her early education. [77] Later, Catt noted that the votes of illiterate men in the South were “purchasable.”[78], In the same speeches, Catt blamed, variously, political corruption,[79] a lack of education,[80] or the tragic vestiges of slavery[81] for these groups’ shortcomings as voters. Catt's reply: "We are all of us apt to be arrogant on the score of our Anglo-Saxon blood but we must remember that ages ago the ancestors of the Anglo-Saxons were regarded as so low and embruted that the Romans refused to have them for slaves. [36] Although Catt, as a resident of New York, now had obtained full suffrage, she kept working toward a federal suffrage amendment. In 1923, with Nettie Rogers Shuler, she published Woman Suffrage and Politics: The Inner Story of the Suffrage Movement. This passing of the lea… Thousands of women devoted themselves to getting women’s suffrage over the finish line, but two especially stand out: Carrie Chapman Catt (1859-1947) and Alice Paul (1885-1977). Let us do our part to keep it a true and triumphant democracy.”[46] After endless lobbying by Catt and the NAWSA, the suffrage movement culminated in the adoption of the 19th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution on August 26, 1920. In 1992, Catt was named one of the 10 most important women of the century by the Iowa Centennial Memorial Foundation. Under her leadership, Catt increased the size and influence of the organization. Carrie Chapman Catt’s “Winning Plan” Carrie Chapman Catt (1859–1947) reluctantly assumed a second term as NAWSA president in December 1915, after years of suffrage work internationally and in New York. .They appropriated our telegrams, tapped our telephones, listened outside our windows and transoms. In spring 1890, Chapman took the train to Seattle, Washington, where Catt now lived. Punctuation added for clarity. Her first job was with a law firm where she read law. After she retired from NAWSA, she continued to help women around the world to gain the right to vote. . In a racist society these women had severely limited choices. Carrie Chapman Catt (January 9, 1859 – March 9, 1947) was an American women's suffrage leader who campaigned for the Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, which gave U.S. women the right to vote in 1920. [19], In 1887, Catt returned to Charles City, where she had grown up, and became involved in the Iowa Woman Suffrage Association. [14] Catt continued to lecture and wrote "Subject and Sovereign"[17] in 1893 and "Danger to Our Government" in 1894. Catt then founded the League of Women Voters and served as its honorary president until she died in 1947. Catt founded the League of Women Voters on February 14, 1920 – six months before the ratification of the 19th Amendment – during the annual convention of the National American Woman Suffrage Association in Chicago, Illinois. [56], During the 1920 convention, Catt honored pioneers of the movement – including past NAWSA presidents Anna Howard Shaw and Susan B. Anthony – for their “ever buoyant hope” and “unswerving courage and determination.” She also wanted the convention to “express the joy of the present” and “ask what political parties wanted of women and they of the parties.” In an inspirational speech to the 700 members present, Catt outlined the plan and purpose of the League. Each international meeting was held in a different city, membership grew, and successes in women’s rights were reported and discussed. 184, citing Woodlawn Cemetery, Bronx, Bronx County, New York, USA ; Maintained by Find A Grave . The Anglo-Saxon is the dominant race today but things may change. The following year, Catt traveled to Brazil, Argentina, Uruguay, Chile, Peru and Panama. November 18, 1998. This speech was given in February 1902 by Carrie Chapman Catt, the founder of the National Women's Suffrage Association. [171], Carrie Chapman Catt is the subject of Barbara Robison's Victory with Valor: A Novel, a fictionalized account of her life, published in 2020.[172]. Noun, Louise R. "Carrie Chapman Catt and Her Mason City Experience. The birth name of Catt was Carrie Clinton Lane. The international meeting held in Budapest in 1913 was the largest in the history of the organization, with 500 delegates attending. Lucius had participated but did not find much luck in the California Gold Rush of 1850, returning to Cleveland Ohio and purchasing a coal business. In spring 1943, the NCCCW was dissolved. Yet, in the last months of the campaign to win ratification of the Nineteenth Amendment, Carrie Chapman Catt campaigned in Mississippi and told … Wearing her refurbished “ratification dress,” Catt spoke at 14 conferences in 13 western and Midwestern states in eight weeks. In her presidential address on March 24, 1919, at the NAWSA convention, Catt said: "Let us raise up a League of Women Voters—the name and form of organization to be determined by the voters themselves; a League that shall be non-partisan and non-sectarian in character and that shall be consecrated to three chief aims: In fall 1919, Catt promoted ratification of the 19th Amendment – which had been passed by Congress earlier that year – by the states and explained the purpose of the League of Women Voters on a “Wake Up America” tour. Facts about Carrie Chapman Catt 4: the birth name. At Iowa State, the Carrie Chapman Catt Center for Women and Politics was founded in her honor in 1992 and the Old Botany building on central campus was renovated and renamed Carrie Chapman Catt Hall in 1995. While she was en route, Catt learned that her husband died in August 1886. A skilled political strategist, Carrie Clinton Lane Chapman Catt was a suffragist and peace activist who helped secure for American women the right to vote. Carrie Chapman Catt worked as a teacher to pay her own way through Iowa State College. Achieving Success in a Man’s World. Carrie Chapman Catt was president of the National American Woman Suffrage Association from 1900-1904 and 1915-1920. Senators. We stole land--whole continents; we stole it at the point of swords and guns; and we might as well understand that we must not have an acre to a man while they have an inch to a man. During the 1898 national convention of the NAWSA, one of the most outstanding speakers was African American activist Mary Church Terrell. According to historian Roslyn Terborg-Penn, “…Black female participation in the elective process during 1920 was extensive enough to occasion a prediction from Georgia State Representative Thomas M. Bell that the Nineteenth Amendment would destroy white supremacy in Georgia since the amendment had enfranchised enough women.” [130] In South Carolina, African American women “apparently took the white male registrars by surprise, and no plan to disqualify them was in effect. [64] The group first met in spring 1924 and chose Catt to be its leader. Her solutions were education and reform, not disenfranchisement. As President of the nation's largest women's suffrage organization when the 19th Amendment was ratified, women's voting rights are part of Catt's legacy. During her time in office, Catt began working nationally for the National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA), and was a speaker at its 1890 convention in Washington D.C.[20] In 1892, Susan B. Anthony asked Catt to address Congress on the proposed woman's suffrage amendment.[20][21]. By 2016, women’s voter turnout was 63 percent compared to 53 percent for men, a difference of 10 million voters. On January 10, 1918, the House voted on the suffrage amendment, which passed by one more vote needed for the required 2/3 majority. The organization believed that it was their job as women to end wars because women were seen as morally courageous, in contrast to their male counterparts who were viewed as physically courageous. Her second husband's body was donated to science, according to his wishes. In 1884, Carrie married Leo Chapman, a newspaper editor, and subsequently joined him as a co-editor. The building is lovely. The marker will be dedicated in 2021. In 1900, Catt became president of the NAWSA as Susan B. Anthony’s handpicked successor. [74], The last event she helped organize was the Women's Centennial Congress in New York in 1940, a celebration of the feminist movement in the United States. She urged friends of the amendment not to allow it to come to a vote in their state unless they were sure it would pass. She then traveled to Korea, Japan, Hawaii, and across the Pacific back to San Francisco. [66] Catt told the delegates, “Sooner or later the white races must disgorge some of their spoils and give a place to the other races of the world. My husband used to say that he was as much a reformer as I, but that he couldn’t work at reforming and earn a living at the same time; but what he could do was earn living enough for two and free me from all economic burden, and thus I could reform for two. She worked in the school system and for newspapers before joining suffrage movement in … By the time she reached San Francisco on the train, he was dead. However, she had outlined the purpose and goals of such an organization a year earlier at the 1919 NAWSA meeting in St. Louis, Missouri. Many Black women reported to the registrar’s office, but the only discrimination was that whites were registered first."[131]. [14][16], She was a young widow of 28- and 29-years old when she wrote "Zenobia" (1887) and "The American Sovereign (1888). [168][169] Wilson was Catt's companion[170] and eventual estate executor, donating six volumes of photographs and memorabilia from Catt's estate to Bryn Mawr College. The plea is dignified, calm and logical. Voices – Latest News More News Subscribe to Voices Plaza of Heroines Archives of Women’s Political Communication Give a Gift The Uhuru article depended heavily upon theologian Barbara Hilkert Andsolsen's "Daughters of Jefferson, Daughters of Bootblacks:" Racism and American Feminism, which compared the racial characterizations of Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Anna Howard Shaw, and Catt. The suffrage question came up again before the House on May 21, 1919, and this time it passed by a vote of 304 ayes and 89 nays. [14][15] She remained for a while in San Francisco, where she wrote freelance articles and canvassed for newspaper ads, but she returned to Iowa in 1887. She arrived in Denver in early September 1893 and worked until Election Day. [48], Catt first had the idea of an international woman suffrage organization in 1900; by 1902 she decided to begin with an exploratory meeting of women from as many countries as possible. She declared the American movement in “crisis” and … The League – which includes the national organization founded by Catt on February 14, 1920, as well as more than 700 state and local leagues throughout the United States – is a respected, nonpartisan political organization that continues to educate citizens on key issues of the day and advocates for expansion of access to the ballot for all U.S. However, opponents introduced the bill into their state legislatures and, one by one, Southern states voted the measure down in Georgia, Alabama, Virginia, Maryland, South Carolina, Delaware, Florida, North Carolina, Louisiana and Mississippi. [65] Eleanor Roosevelt attended as a delegate from the General Federation of Women's Clubs. After working her first suffrage campaign in South Dakota in 1890, which went down in defeat, Catt was asked to coordinate the suffrage campaign in Colorado. A few years later Catt focused her energies on the International Suffrage Alliance and promoted equal suffrage rights while traveling world-wide. The 19th Amendment enfranchised approximately 27 million American women. Carrie Chapman Catt Childhood Home; Carrie Chapman Catt from the National Women's Hall of Fame ; Carrie Chapman Catt: Suffragist and Peace Advocate - Woman of Courage profile by the St. Lawrence County, NY Branch of the American Association of University Women. [96] Moreover, Catt's Woman Suffrage Party, the leading pro-suffrage organization in the New York, actively sought immigrant support by publishing pro-suffrage literature in 26 languages; hosting rallies in Irish, Syrian, Italian, and Polish enclaves; and establishing committees to reach out to German and French communities. [29] During the winter of 1902-1903, Catt worked the New Hampshire amendment campaign in the midst of bitter cold, but lost by a vote of 14,162 to 21,788.[30]. The George W. Catt Endowment continues to award scholarships to several students in different fields of study each year. We are not wards of the nation, but free and equal citizens. [68], In 1933, in response to Adolf Hitler's rise to power, Catt organized the Protest Committee of Non-Jewish Women Against the Persecution of Jews in Germany. [11][12] She worked as a law clerk after graduating, then she became a teacher and then superintendent of schools in Mason City, Iowa, in 1885. Letter from Mary Ann Tetreault to Barbara Miller, October 10, 1994. Southern delegates made speeches calling for only white women to have the vote. Wuestenbecker, Katja, "Catt, Carrie Chapman" in, Catt, "Why the Southeastern States of the U.S. As a child, Catt was interested in science and wanted to become a doctor. "[34] According to suffragist Maud Wood Park, who was NAWSA's chief lobbyist at this time, Catt's Winning Plan had four components: First, the states where women had presidential suffrage would lobby their state legislatures to send resolutions to Congress in support of a federal amendment. [117] The Ames/Story County (Iowa) League has bestowed its Carrie Chapman Catt Award, which recognizes a member's contribution to the community, since 1993. After three days of round-table discussions, Catt had organized the Pan-American Association for the Advancement of Women (National Liga para la Emancipacion de la Mujer). On July 9, 2020, Iowa State President Wendy Wintersteen announced the creation of a committee to develop a policy and process for renaming buildings and other honorifics on campus. [39] The vote in the Senate was finally taken on October 1, 1918, and the proposed amendment lost by two votes. [157], 2020 marked the 100th anniversary of the League of Women Voters and the 19th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. [114] In 1940, Catt received an honorary doctor of laws degree from Moravian College for Women,[115] the American Women's Association's "Woman of the Year Award,[116] and the Gold Medal Pioneer Award from the General Federation of Women's Clubs. [27] She served her first term as NAWSA president until 1904, when she stepped down to care for her ailing husband, George Catt, who passed away in 1905. After she denied making such a statement, Catt said that interracial marriage was “an absolute crime against nature.”[85] According to Elaine Weiss, author of The Woman's Hour: The Great Fight to Win the Vote, “Catt was right that mixed-marriage was a toxic topic and woman suffrage could not afford to be in any way associated with it. Everybody counts in applying democracy. [110] In 1926, she was featured on the cover of Time magazine [111] and, in 1930, she received the Pictorial Review Award for her international disarmament work. Though Carrie Chapman Catt could not announce victory yet while addressing an audience at the Congress Hotel in Chicago, she knew it was near. Carrie Chapman Catt Center for Women and Politics. Before 1917, only western states had granted female suffrage. On January 10, 1915, more than 3,000 women attended a meeting at the Willard Hotel in Washington, DC called by Catt and fellow suffragist Jane Addams. After graduating from high school in 1877, she enrolled at Iowa Agricultural College (now Iowa State University) in Ames, Iowa. Catt served as president of the National American Woman Suffrage Association from 1900-1904 and 1915-1920. She declined the affidavit request, noting that was she was old, had taken much responsibility on behalf of friends and associates, and the affidavit would be held against her estate after her death. [89] In November 1917, Catt called for suffrage for all women in the NAACP’s newsletter, The Crisis, stating “the struggle for woman suffrage is not white woman's struggle but every woman's struggle. About Carrie Lane Chapman Catt: Key coordinator of the woman suffrage movement and skillful political strategist, Carrie (Lane) Chapman Catt revitalized the National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA) and played a leading role in its successful campaign to win voting rights for women. [20] She served as its president from 1904 until 1923. Early in her career, Catt espoused nativist sentiments. When Catt was seven years old, her family moved to rural Charles City, Iowa. The largest gender gaps were in 1992 and 2016, with an 11 percentage point advantage to the Democratic nominees, Bill Clinton and Hillary Clinton, respectively. African American suffragist Mary Church Terrell was one of the delegates from the United States and addressed the meeting in three languages. [123] The League of Women Voters of Dane County, which includes Catt's birthplace of Ripon, Wisconsin, instituted its Carrie Chapman Catt Award in 2005[124] and the League of Women Voters of Lake Forest/Lake Bluff (Illinois) has presented its Carrie Chapman Catt Award since 2013. "'Middle-of-the-Road' Activists Carrie Chapman Catt and the National Committee on the Cause and Cure of War". She and Catt first became acquainted at that time and formed a life-long friendship. It was February 21, 1920. [180], The Carrie Lane Chapman Catt Girlhood Home is a private museum near Charles City, Iowa. [174] She is also a character in 19:The Musical, which was performed by the 4th Wall troop in the Washington, DC area in 2019[175] and is the subject of a one-woman play, Crusading Mrs. Catt, written and performed by Lisa Hayes. [117] In 1941, Catt received the Chi Omega award at the White House from her longtime friend Eleanor Roosevelt. Catt requested burial alongside Hay, rather than her first husband. On the morning of April 2, 1917, suffragists gathered at the Shoreham Hotel in Washington, D.C. for a celebratory breakfast to honor Jeannette Rankin of Montana. Refused Suffrage to Women", "Address at the International Woman Suffrage Alliance Fifth Conference and First Quinquennial - April 26, 1909", "Colored Citizens of New York Start Campaign to Get Ballot for the Race in the South", "Hot Discussion on Black Voter: Speaker at Woman's Club Rally Says Women Will Keep the South Democratic", "Carrie Chapman Catt: Suffrage and the Politics of Race", "Women Not Yet Freed From Century-Old Conditions, Noted Suffrage Leader Declares", "Winner of Pictorial Review's $5,000 Achievement Award: Carrie Chapman Catt, Leader of Women--Pioneer for Peace", Carrie Chapman Catt Papers: Subject File, 1848-1950; Turkish stamp honoring Catt, "Women of Achievement Bridge to Add Names for First Time Since 2013; Nominations being Accepted", "Women's Suffrage Monument Unveiled – Story", "Nashville's Newest Monument Celebrates State's Role in Women's Winning The Right To Vote", "Native Americans Weren't Guaranteed the Right to Vote in Every State Until 1962", "The Gender Gap: Party Identification and Presidential Performance Ratings", "The Gender Gap: Voting Choices in Presidential Elections", "Alumni Humanitarian Award (Formerly the Merit Award)", "Carrie Chapman Catt Prize for Research on Women and Politics", "Carrie Chapman Catt Public Engagement Award", "The Catt's Out of the Bag. 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